111. Kishoni, or uncovered shade, of Tusayan.]
The kishoni, or uncovered shade, illustrated in Fig. 111, is perhaps the
simplest form of shelter employed. Ten or a dozen cottonwood saplings
are set firmly into the ground, so as to form a slightly curved
inclosure with convex side toward the south. Cottonwood and willow
boughs in foliage, grease-wood, sage brush, and rabbit brush are laid
with stems upward in even rows against these saplings to a height of 6
or 7 feet. This light material is held in place by bands of small
cottonwood branches laid in continuous horizontal lines around the
outside of the shelter and these are attached to the upright saplings
with cottonwood and willow twigs.
[Illustration: Plate CVII. Partial filling-in of a large opening in
Oraibi, converting it into a doorway.]
Figs. 112 and 113 illustrate a much more elaborate field shelter in
Tusayan. As may readily be seen from the figures this shelter covers a
considerable area; it will be seen too that the upright branches that
inclose two of its sides are of sufficient height to considerably shade
the level roof of poles and brush, converting it into a comfortable
retreat.
[Illustration: Fig. 112. A Tusayan field shelter, from southwest.]
[Illustration: Fig. 113. A Tusayan field shelter, from northeast.]
ARCHITECTURAL NOMENCLATURE.
The following nomenclature, collected by Mr. Stephen, comprises the
terms commonly used in designating the constructional details of Tusayan
houses and kivas:
Kiko?li The ground floor rooms forming the first terrace.
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