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Darwin, Charles, 1809-1882

"Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom"


Pot 4 : 24 3/8 : 31 4/8.
Pot 4 : 30 6/8 : 36 6/8.
Pot 5 : 34 6/8 : 24 5/8.
Pot 5 : 37 1/8 : 34.
Pot 5 : 31 2/8 : 22 2/8.
Pot 5 : 33 : 37 1/8.
Total : 599.75 : 554.25.
The average height of the twenty crossed plants is here 29.98, and that
of the twenty self-fertilised 27.71 inches; or as 100 to 92. These
plants were then cut down and weighed; and the crossed in this case
exceeded the self-fertilised in weight by a mere trifle, namely, in the
ratio of 100 to 99. The two lots, left freely exposed to insects, seemed
to be equally fertile.
The remainder of the seed was sown in two adjoining rows in the open
ground; and the eight tallest plants in each row were measured, with the
result in Table 4/40.
TABLE 4/40. Reseda odorata, (seedlings from a semi-self-sterile plant,
planted in the open ground).
Heights of plants measured in inches.
Column 1: Crossed Plants.
Column 2: Self-fertilised Plants.
28 2/8 : 22 3/8.
22 4/8 : 24 3/8.
25 7/8 : 23 4/8.
25 3/8 : 21 4/8.
29 4/8 : 22 5/8.
27 1/8 : 27 3/8.
22 4/8 : 27 3/8.
26 2/8 : 19 2/8.
Total : 207.38 : 188.38.
The average height of the eight crossed plants is here 25.92, and that
of the eight self-fertilised plants 23.54 inches; or as 100 to 90.
9. VIOLACEAE.--Viola tricolor.
Whilst the flowers of the common cultivated heartsease are young, the
anthers shed their pollen into a little semi-cylindrical passage, formed
by the basal portion of the lower petal, and surrounded by papillae.


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