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Darwin, Charles, 1809-1882

"Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom"


Heights of plants measured in inches.
Column 1: Number (Name) of Pot.
Column 2: Crossed Plants.
Column 3: Self-fertilised Plants.
Pot 1 : 56 : 38.
Pot 2 : 42 : 64.
Total : 98 : 102.
The mean of the two crossed is 49 inches, and that of the two
self-fertilised 51 inches; or as 100 to 104.
18. UMBELLIFERAE.--Apium petroselinum.
The Umbelliferae are proterandrous, and can hardly fail to be
cross-fertilised by the many flies and small Hymenoptera which visit the
flowers. (5/18. Hermann Muller 'Befruchtung' etc. page 96. According to
M. Mustel as stated by Godron 'De l'esp?ce' tome 2 page 58 1859,
varieties of the carrot growing near each other readily intercross.) A
plant of the common parsley was covered by a net, and it apparently
produced as many and as fine spontaneously self-fertilised fruits or
seeds as the adjoining uncovered plants. The flowers on the latter were
visited by so many insects that they must have received pollen from one
another. Some of these two lots of seeds were left on sand, but nearly
all the self-fertilised seeds germinated before the others, so that I
was forced to throw all away. The remaining seeds were then sown on the
opposite sides of four pots. At first the self-fertilised seedlings were
a little taller in most of the pots than the naturally crossed
seedlings, and this no doubt was due to the self-fertilised seeds having
germinated first.


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